Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows.

Learn how and why two vegetable growers - Mark Quee of West Branch and Jake Kundert of Solon - use beetle banks and pollinator habitats to increase beneficial insect populations on the farm in this episode of Bringing Back the Edges: Creating Wildlife Habitat on Farms.

Students toss coins to determine what traits a set of mouse parents possess, such as fur color, body size, heat tolerance, and running speed. Then they use coin tossing to determine the traits a mouse pup born to these parents possesses. Then they compare these physical features to features that would be most adaptive in several different environmental conditions. Finally, students consider what would happen to the mouse offspring if those environmental conditions were to change: which mice would be most likely to survive and produce the next generation?

A short article about why it is so important to involve students in the planning of learning.

This art history video discussion looks at Bonaventura Berlinghieri's "Altarpiece of St. Francis", c. 1235 (Church of San Francesco, Pescia, Italy).

This task presents a simple but mathematically interesting game whose solution is a challenging exercise in creating and reasoning with algebraic inequalities. The core of the task involves converting a verbal statement into a mathematical inequality in a context in which the inequality is not obviously presented, and then repeatedly using the inequality to deduce information about the structure of the game.

Learn about the Cree Calendar and what the different months of the year mean.

This art history video discussion looks at Bernini's "Apollo and Daphne", 1622-25 (Galleria Borghese, Rome).

This art history video discussion examines Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "Bust of Medusa," marble, c. 1644-48 (Capitoline Museum).

This art history video discussion looks at Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David, 1623-24, marble (Galleria Borghese, Rome).

This art history video discussion looks at Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "Ecstasy of Saint Theresa", 1647-52 (Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome).

This art history video discussion examines Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "Pluto and Proserpina" (also know as the Rape of Proserpina), 1621-22, marble (Galleria Borghese, Rome). Proserpina is the Latin varient of the mythic Greek Persephone.

This art history video discussion looks at Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "Saint Peter's Square (Piazza San Pietro)", Vatican City, Rome, 1656-67.

This art history video discussion looks at Gian Lorenzo Bernini's "Sant'Andrea al Quirinale", 1658-70, Rome; commissioned by Cardinal Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili for the nearby Jesuit seminary.

Bernoulli's principle relates the pressure of a fluid to its elevation and its speed. Bernoulli's equation can be used to approximate these parameters in water, air or any fluid that has very low viscosity. Students learn about the relationships between the components of the Bernoulli equation through real-life engineering examples and practice problems.

This is an important principle involving the movement of a fluid through a pressure difference. Suppose a fluid is moving in a horizontal direction and encounters a pressure difference. This pressure difference will result in a net force, which by Newton's 2nd law will cause an acceleration of the fluid. The fundamental relation,which is known as Bernoulli's principle. This is very similar to the statement we encountered before for a freely falling object, where the gravitational potential energy plus the kinetic energy was constant (i. e., was conserved).

Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a flowing fluid must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in , the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure. This is at the heart of a number of everyday phenomena. As a very trivial example, Bernouilli's principle is responsible for the fact that a shower curtain gets ``sucked inwards'' when the water is first turned on. What happens is that the increased water/air velocity inside the curtain (relative to the still air on the other side) causes a pressure drop. The pressure difference between the outside and inside causes a net force on the shower curtain which sucks it inward. A more useful example is provided by the functioning of a perfume bottle: squeezing the bulb over the fluid creates a low pressure area due to the higher speed of the air, which subsequently draws the fluid up. This is illustrated in the following figure.

Since 2004, the Bertino Forensics Science Institute has become a leading forensics training programs for teachers in the United States attracting participants from over thirty states and as far away as Myanmar, Taipei and Russia. Our program includes our forensic textbook (Forensic Science: Fundamentals and Investigations), additional teaching resources and teacher education opportunities through workshops, conference presentations, seminars and Webinars. These provide educators with hands-on experiences that inspire and educate students in the principles of scientific inquiry, analysis and creative thinking.

Are you ready to learn something about the world? Then you're ready for Bertolt Brecht, and his ideas about Epic Theatre. Brecht wanted to lean into the idea of theater as a tool to upset and educate the world about stuff like the struggles of the working class and the problematic aspects of capitalism. He wanted to SHOCK people into seeing the world as it is and taking action, rather than merely entertain audiences. But, he messed up, and wrote some pretty entertaining stories, with some really catchy music integrated into it. And do, people ended up whistling Mack the Knife instead of throwing off the shackles of an oppressive social order. To be fair, it is a catchy tune. Today you're going to learn about Brecht, Epic Theater, and a little bit about the House UnAmerican Activities Committee. Because those jerks hauled Brecht up in 1948 to shake him down about whether or not he was a communist.

Fourth graders are independent explorers, full of ideas and opinions. They have an impressive skill set and are ready to go deeper. With that in mind, we’ve gathered together learning links and fun activities that will help kids build skills in literacy, math, science, and social studies—plus some just for fun! This list of 4th grade websites and activities is something kids can easily do at home with their families.